Logical Reasoning carries 25 of the 100 marks in TU CMAT, and it is the section where practice raises your score fastest. Below are 100 solved CMAT logical reasoning questions, grouped by topic. Every answer is shown with a short explanation or shortcut.
New to CMAT? Read the CMAT exam pattern, syllabus and eligibility guide first. For a full mixed paper, try CMAT Model Question Set 1.
Topics covered: Number Series, Letter Series, Coding–Decoding, Word Analogy, Number Analogy, Odd One Out (Words), Odd One Out (Numbers), Blood Relations, Direction Sense, Ranking and Order, Clock, Calendar, Mathematical Operations, Syllogism, Statement and Arguments.
Number Series (Q. 1–7)
1. What comes next in the series: 5, 11, 23, 47, 95, ?
- 286
- 191
- 153
- 267
Answer: B. 191
Each term = previous × 2 + 1.
2. What comes next in the series: 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, ?
- 70
- 90
- 100
- 120
Answer: C. 100
These are squares: 5², 6², … The next is 10² = 100.
3. What comes next in the series: 20, 22, 26, 32, 40, ?
- 35
- 40
- 50
- 55
Answer: C. 50
The differences increase: +2, +4, +6, +8, so the next difference is +10.
4. What comes next in the series: 64, 57, 50, 43, 36, ?
- 37
- 23
- 29
- 33
Answer: C. 29
Each term decreases by 7.
5. What comes next in the series: 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, ?
- 196
- 158
- 253
- 215
Answer: A. 196
These are squares: 9², 10², … The next is 14² = 196.
6. What comes next in the series: 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, ?
- 25
- 19
- 21
- 23
Answer: C. 21
Each term increases by 3.
7. Find the missing term: 18, 21, 24, ?, 30
- 21
- 25
- 33
- 27
Answer: D. 27
Each term increases by 3.
Letter Series (Q. 8–12)
8. What comes next: H, J, L, N, ?
- P
- R
- Q
- O
Answer: A. P
Each letter moves 2 places forward.
9. What comes next: C, E, G, I, ?
- K
- M
- J
- I
Answer: A. K
Each letter moves 2 places forward.
10. What comes next: C, H, M, R, ?
- W
- Y
- X
- V
Answer: A. W
Each letter moves 5 places forward.
11. What comes next: D, H, L, P, ?
- U
- R
- T
- V
Answer: C. T
Each letter moves 4 places forward.
12. What comes next: F, I, M, R, ?
- Z
- V
- X
- Y
Answer: C. X
The gaps increase: +3, +4, +5, +6.
Coding–Decoding (Q. 13–19)
13. If HOUSE is coded as KRXVH, how is NEPAL coded?
- RITEP
- ODSHQ
- PGRCN
- QHSDO
Answer: D. QHSDO
Each letter is shifted 3 places forward (H → K). So NEPAL → QHSDO.
14. If TRAIN = 62, then NEPAL = ?
- 56
- 58
- 44
- 48
Answer: D. 48
Each word's code is the sum of its letters' positions in the alphabet: 14 + 5 + 16 + 1 + 12 = 48.
15. If GREEN is written as TIVVM, how is HOUSE written?
- TMGIW
- VHFLS
- SLFHV
- RKEGU
Answer: C. SLFHV
Each letter is replaced by its opposite letter (A↔Z, B↔Y, C↔X …). So HOUSE → SLFHV.
16. If SMART is coded as TNBSU, how is RIVER coded?
- SFWJS
- TKXGT
- SJWFS
- RIVER
Answer: C. SJWFS
Each letter is shifted 1 place forward (S → T). So RIVER → SJWFS.
17. If MONEY = 72, then WARM = ?
- 55
- 65
- 59
- 63
Answer: A. 55
Each word's code is the sum of its letters' positions in the alphabet: 23 + 1 + 18 + 13 = 55.
18. If BRAIN is written as YIZRM, how is PAPER written?
- IVKZK
- KZKVI
- JYJUH
- LALWJ
Answer: B. KZKVI
Each letter is replaced by its opposite letter (A↔Z, B↔Y, C↔X …). So PAPER → KZKVI.
19. If LAMP is written as OZNK, how is HOUSE written?
- SLFHV
- RKEGU
- TMGIW
- VHFLS
Answer: A. SLFHV
Each letter is replaced by its opposite letter (A↔Z, B↔Y, C↔X …). So HOUSE → SLFHV.
Word Analogy (Q. 20–27)
20. Pen : Write :: Knife : ?
- Kitchen
- Steel
- Cut
- Sharp
Answer: C. Cut
A pen is used to write, and a knife is used to cut.
21. Eye : See :: Ear : ?
- Noise
- Hear
- Head
- Sound
Answer: B. Hear
The relationship is organ to function.
22. Bird : Nest :: Lion : ?
- Forest
- Cage
- Den
- Jungle
Answer: C. Den
A lion lives in a den, just as a bird lives in a nest.
23. Cow : Calf :: Dog : ?
- Foal
- Kitten
- Puppy
- Cub
Answer: C. Puppy
The relationship is animal to its young one.
24. Painter : Brush :: Writer : ?
- Book
- Pen
- Paper
- Story
Answer: B. Pen
The relationship is a worker to their tool.
25. Kathmandu : Nepal :: Thimphu : ?
- Sikkim
- Bhutan
- Tibet
- Bangladesh
Answer: B. Bhutan
The relationship is capital to country.
26. Fish : Water :: Bird : ?
- Nest
- Tree
- Air
- Feather
Answer: C. Air
The relationship is a creature to the medium it moves in.
27. Carpenter : Wood :: Tailor : ?
- Shop
- Needle
- Scissors
- Cloth
Answer: D. Cloth
The relationship is a worker to the material they work with.
Number Analogy (Q. 28–34)
28. 11 : 1331 :: 3 : ?
- 21
- 27
- 37
- 29
Answer: B. 27
The second number is the cube of the first, so 3 → 27.
29. 9 : 82 :: 6 : ?
- 37
- 40
- 43
- 49
Answer: A. 37
The second number is the square + 1 of the first, so 6 → 37.
30. 5 : 26 :: 6 : ?
- 34
- 37
- 40
- 43
Answer: B. 37
The second number is the square + 1 of the first, so 6 → 37.
31. 8 : 65 :: 11 : ?
- 146
- 170
- 110
- 122
Answer: D. 122
The second number is the square + 1 of the first, so 11 → 122.
32. 9 : 81 :: 10 : ?
- 90
- 100
- 130
- 140
Answer: B. 100
The second number is the square of the first, so 10 → 100.
33. 3 : 10 :: 11 : ?
- 122
- 86
- 158
- 134
Answer: A. 122
The second number is the square + 1 of the first, so 11 → 122.
34. 9 : 81 :: 8 : ?
- 46
- 70
- 58
- 64
Answer: D. 64
The second number is the square of the first, so 8 → 64.
Odd One Out (Words) (Q. 35–42)
35. Find the odd one out.
- Mango
- Banana
- Potato
- Apple
Answer: C. Potato
Potato is a vegetable; the rest are fruits.
36. Find the odd one out.
- Lotus
- Neem
- Rose
- Marigold
Answer: B. Neem
Neem is a tree; the rest are flowers.
37. Find the odd one out.
- Tiger
- Leopard
- Cow
- Lion
Answer: C. Cow
The cow is a herbivore; the rest are wild carnivores.
38. Find the odd one out.
- Wood
- Iron
- Silver
- Copper
Answer: A. Wood
Wood is not a metal.
39. Find the odd one out.
- Friday
- Sunday
- March
- Monday
Answer: C. March
March is a month; the rest are days.
40. Find the odd one out.
- Flute
- Sitar
- Violin
- Guitar
Answer: A. Flute
The flute is a wind instrument; the rest are string instruments.
41. Find the odd one out.
- Everest
- Nile
- Amazon
- Ganga
Answer: A. Everest
Everest is a mountain; the rest are rivers.
42. Find the odd one out.
- Triangle
- Cube
- Circle
- Square
Answer: B. Cube
A cube is a 3-D solid; the rest are 2-D shapes.
Odd One Out (Numbers) (Q. 43–43)
43. Find the odd one out.
- 28
- 61
- 42
- 77
Answer: B. 61
61 is the odd one out, because all the others are multiples of 7.
Blood Relations (Q. 44–51)
44. A is B's sister. B is C's mother. How is A related to C?
- Grandmother
- Sister
- Aunt
- Mother
Answer: C. Aunt
A is the sister of C's mother, so A is C's maternal aunt.
45. Pointing to a photo, Ram said, "She is the daughter of my grandfather's only son." How is the girl related to Ram?
- Aunt
- Daughter
- Cousin
- Sister
Answer: D. Sister
Grandfather's only son = Ram's father; his daughter = Ram's sister.
46. P's father is Q's son. How is Q related to P?
- Grandparent
- Father
- Brother
- Uncle
Answer: A. Grandparent
Q's son is P's father, so Q is P's grandfather or grandmother.
47. A is the brother of B. B is the sister of C. C is the father of D. How is A related to D?
- Uncle
- Father
- Grandfather
- Brother
Answer: A. Uncle
A, B and C are siblings. A is the brother of D's father, so A is D's uncle.
48. Mohan's mother is the only daughter of Sita's father. How is Sita related to Mohan?
- Mother
- Grandmother
- Aunt
- Sister
Answer: A. Mother
Sita's father's only daughter is Sita herself, so Sita is Mohan's mother.
49. Introducing a man, a woman said, "His wife is the only daughter of my father." How is the man related to the woman?
- Husband
- Brother
- Uncle
- Father
Answer: A. Husband
Her father's only daughter is the woman herself, so she is the man's wife.
50. If A + B means A is the son of B, and A − B means A is the wife of B, what does P + Q − R mean?
- P is the brother of R
- R is the son of P
- P is the husband of R
- P is the son of R
Answer: D. P is the son of R
P is the son of Q, and Q is the wife of R, so P is the son of R.
51. Ravi is Rahul's brother. Rahul is Sunil's son. How is Ravi related to Sunil?
- Father
- Son
- Brother
- Nephew
Answer: B. Son
Rahul's brother is also Sunil's son.
Direction Sense (Q. 52–58)
52. Gita walks 10 km north, then turns and walks 6 km west, and then walks 10 km south. Where is she now from the starting point?
- 16 km west
- 6 km east
- 6 km west
- 10 km north
Answer: C. 6 km west
The north and south walks cancel out (10 km each), so she is 6 km west of the start.
53. Ram walks 6 km towards the north, then turns right and walks 8 km. How far is he from his starting point?
- 9 km
- 12 km
- 7 km
- 10 km
Answer: D. 10 km
He ends 6 km north and 8 km east. Distance = √(6² + 8²) = √100 = 10 km.
54. Ram walks 9 km towards the north, then turns right and walks 12 km. How far is he from his starting point?
- 20 km
- 14 km
- 18 km
- 15 km
Answer: D. 15 km
He ends 9 km north and 12 km east. Distance = √(9² + 12²) = √225 = 15 km.
55. Gita walks 3 km north, then turns and walks 10 km east, and then walks 3 km south. Where is she now from the starting point?
- 3 km north
- 10 km west
- 13 km east
- 10 km east
Answer: D. 10 km east
The north and south walks cancel out (3 km each), so she is 10 km east of the start.
56. Gita walks 7 km north, then turns and walks 10 km east, and then walks 7 km south. Where is she now from the starting point?
- 17 km east
- 10 km east
- 7 km north
- 10 km west
Answer: B. 10 km east
The north and south walks cancel out (7 km each), so she is 10 km east of the start.
57. Gita walks 12 km north, then turns and walks 6 km west, and then walks 12 km south. Where is she now from the starting point?
- 6 km east
- 18 km west
- 12 km north
- 6 km west
Answer: D. 6 km west
The north and south walks cancel out (12 km each), so she is 6 km west of the start.
58. Ram walks 12 km towards the south, then turns right and walks 16 km. How far is he from his starting point?
- 20 km
- 17 km
- 22 km
- 23 km
Answer: A. 20 km
He ends 12 km south and 16 km west. Distance = √(12² + 16²) = √400 = 20 km.
Ranking and Order (Q. 59–65)
59. Hari is ranked 23rd from the top and 19th from the bottom in his class. How many students are there in the class?
- 43
- 38
- 44
- 41
Answer: D. 41
Total = 23 + 19 − 1 = 41 (Hari is counted twice).
60. Hari is ranked 27th from the top and 24th from the bottom in his class. How many students are there in the class?
- 47
- 51
- 50
- 54
Answer: C. 50
Total = 27 + 24 − 1 = 50 (Hari is counted twice).
61. In a row of 35 students, Sita is 17th from the left end. What is her position from the right end?
- 21st
- 17th
- 19th
- 20th
Answer: C. 19th
Position from right = total − position from left + 1 = 35 − 17 + 1 = 19.
62. Hari is ranked 29th from the top and 7th from the bottom in his class. How many students are there in the class?
- 32
- 35
- 36
- 40
Answer: B. 35
Total = 29 + 7 − 1 = 35 (Hari is counted twice).
63. Hari is ranked 24th from the top and 24th from the bottom in his class. How many students are there in the class?
- 45
- 48
- 50
- 47
Answer: D. 47
Total = 24 + 24 − 1 = 47 (Hari is counted twice).
64. Hari is ranked 20th from the top and 9th from the bottom in his class. How many students are there in the class?
- 33
- 29
- 25
- 28
Answer: D. 28
Total = 20 + 9 − 1 = 28 (Hari is counted twice).
65. In a row of 42 students, Sita is 12th from the left end. What is her position from the right end?
- 29th
- 33rd
- 31st
- 30th
Answer: C. 31st
Position from right = total − position from left + 1 = 42 − 12 + 1 = 31.
Clock (Q. 66–72)
66. What is the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock at 1:40?
- 195°
- 170°
- 165°
- 160°
Answer: B. 170°
Angle = |30H − 5.5M| = |30×1 − 5.5×40| = 190°. The smaller angle is 360° − 190° = 170°.
67. What is the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock at 2:10?
- 30°
- 15°
- 5°
- 20°
Answer: C. 5°
Angle = |30H − 5.5M| = |30×2 − 5.5×10| = 5°.
68. What is the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock at 9:30?
- 115°
- 90°
- 105°
- 100°
Answer: C. 105°
Angle = |30H − 5.5M| = |30×9 − 5.5×30| = 105°.
69. What is the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock at 2:00?
- 60°
- 50°
- 80°
- 65°
Answer: A. 60°
Angle = |30H − 5.5M| = |30×2 − 5.5×0| = 60°.
70. What is the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock at 1:50?
- 135°
- 115°
- 140°
- 130°
Answer: B. 115°
Angle = |30H − 5.5M| = |30×1 − 5.5×50| = 245°. The smaller angle is 360° − 245° = 115°.
71. What is the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock at 8:00?
- 125°
- 145°
- 140°
- 120°
Answer: D. 120°
Angle = |30H − 5.5M| = |30×8 − 5.5×0| = 240°. The smaller angle is 360° − 240° = 120°.
72. What is the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock at 9:50?
- 30°
- 15°
- 5°
- 25°
Answer: C. 5°
Angle = |30H − 5.5M| = |30×9 − 5.5×50| = 5°.
Calendar (Q. 73–79)
73. If the 1st day of a month is a Friday, what day is the 17th of that month?
- Wednesday
- Sunday
- Saturday
- Monday
Answer: B. Sunday
The 17th is 16 days after the 1st. 16 ÷ 7 leaves a remainder of 2, so it is Sunday.
74. If today is Thursday, what day of the week will it be after 42 days?
- Wednesday
- Saturday
- Thursday
- Friday
Answer: C. Thursday
42 ÷ 7 leaves a remainder of 0. Thursday + 0 day(s) = Thursday.
75. If today is Wednesday, what day of the week will it be after 45 days?
- Monday
- Friday
- Saturday
- Sunday
Answer: C. Saturday
45 ÷ 7 leaves a remainder of 3. Wednesday + 3 day(s) = Saturday.
76. If the 1st day of a month is a Friday, what day is the 13th of that month?
- Saturday
- Wednesday
- Thursday
- Tuesday
Answer: B. Wednesday
The 13th is 12 days after the 1st. 12 ÷ 7 leaves a remainder of 5, so it is Wednesday.
77. If the 1st day of a month is a Saturday, what day is the 29th of that month?
- Friday
- Saturday
- Tuesday
- Sunday
Answer: B. Saturday
The 29th is 28 days after the 1st. 28 ÷ 7 leaves a remainder of 0, so it is Saturday.
78. If today is Sunday, what day of the week will it be after 114 days?
- Wednesday
- Tuesday
- Thursday
- Monday
Answer: B. Tuesday
114 ÷ 7 leaves a remainder of 2. Sunday + 2 day(s) = Tuesday.
79. If today is Wednesday, what day of the week will it be after 17 days?
- Friday
- Saturday
- Sunday
- Monday
Answer: B. Saturday
17 ÷ 7 leaves a remainder of 3. Wednesday + 3 day(s) = Saturday.
Mathematical Operations (Q. 80–86)
80. If '+' means '−', '−' means '+', '×' means '÷', '÷' means '×', then find the value of 5 ÷ 15 ÷ 5 + 12.
- 363
- 373
- 365
- 369
Answer: A. 363
After replacing the symbols: 5 × 15 × 5 − 12 = 363 (using BODMAS).
81. If '+' means '×', '−' means '+', '×' means '÷', '÷' means '−', then find the value of 17 − 8 ÷ 18 − 13.
- 14
- 28
- 20
- 16
Answer: C. 20
After replacing the symbols: 17 + 8 − 18 + 13 = 20 (using BODMAS).
82. If '+' means '−', '−' means '×', '×' means '÷', '÷' means '+', then find the value of 3 ÷ 14 + 8 + 8.
- 1
- 5
- 11
- 7
Answer: A. 1
After replacing the symbols: 3 + 14 − 8 − 8 = 1 (using BODMAS).
83. If '+' means '×', '−' means '÷', '×' means '−', '÷' means '+', then find the value of 8 × 14 ÷ 9 + 19.
- 171
- 165
- 169
- 161
Answer: B. 165
After replacing the symbols: 8 − 14 + 9 × 19 = 165 (using BODMAS).
84. If '+' means '×', '−' means '+', '×' means '÷', '÷' means '−', then find the value of 18 + 9 ÷ 17 − 16.
- 157
- 159
- 161
- 169
Answer: C. 161
After replacing the symbols: 18 × 9 − 17 + 16 = 161 (using BODMAS).
85. If '+' means '×', '−' means '÷', '×' means '+', '÷' means '−', then find the value of 9 + 11 × 6 ÷ 19.
- 92
- 82
- 86
- 88
Answer: C. 86
After replacing the symbols: 9 × 11 + 6 − 19 = 86 (using BODMAS).
86. If '+' means '÷', '−' means '×', '×' means '+', '÷' means '−', then find the value of 2 + 2 × 8 ÷ 2.
- 5
- 13
- 15
- 7
Answer: D. 7
After replacing the symbols: 2 ÷ 2 + 8 − 2 = 7 (using BODMAS).
Syllogism (Q. 87–94)
87. Statements: All dogs are animals. All animals are living beings. Conclusions: I. All dogs are living beings. II. Some living beings are dogs.
- Only I follows
- Only II follows
- Both I and II follow
- Neither I nor II follows
Answer: C. Both I and II follow
Dogs ⊂ animals ⊂ living beings, so I follows, and its converse II follows too.
88. Statements: Some books are pens. Some pens are pencils. Conclusions: I. Some books are pencils. II. Some pencils are books.
- Only I follows
- Only II follows
- Both I and II follow
- Neither I nor II follows
Answer: D. Neither I nor II follows
Two 'some' statements give no definite conclusion.
89. Statements: No man is perfect. All teachers are men. Conclusions: I. No teacher is perfect. II. Some men are teachers.
- Only I follows
- Only II follows
- Both I and II follow
- Neither I nor II follows
Answer: C. Both I and II follow
Teachers ⊂ men, so no teacher is perfect. 'All teachers are men' also gives 'some men are teachers'.
90. Statements: All flowers are red. Some red things are cars. Conclusions: I. Some cars are flowers. II. Some red things are flowers.
- Only I follows
- Only II follows
- Both I and II follow
- Neither I nor II follows
Answer: B. Only II follows
II is the converse of 'All flowers are red'. I is not certain.
91. Statements: Some students are players. All players are fit. Conclusions: I. Some students are fit. II. All fit people are players.
- Only I follows
- Only II follows
- Both I and II follow
- Neither I nor II follows
Answer: A. Only I follows
The students who are players must be fit. II reverses an 'all' statement, which is invalid.
92. Statements: All birds can fly. A parrot is a bird. Conclusions: I. A parrot can fly. II. Everything that flies is a bird.
- Only I follows
- Only II follows
- Both I and II follow
- Neither I nor II follows
Answer: A. Only I follows
I follows directly. II is an invalid reversal.
93. Statements: No cat is a dog. No dog is a cow. Conclusions: I. No cat is a cow. II. Some cats are cows.
- Only I follows
- Only II follows
- Both I and II follow
- Neither I nor II follows
Answer: D. Neither I nor II follows
Two negative premises give no conclusion.
94. Statements: All pens are blue. No blue thing is red. Conclusions: I. No pen is red. II. Some red things are pens.
- Only I follows
- Only II follows
- Both I and II follow
- Neither I nor II follows
Answer: A. Only I follows
Pens are inside 'blue', which is completely separate from 'red'.
Statement and Arguments (Q. 95–100)
95. Statement: Should mobile phones be banned in schools? Argument I: Yes, they distract students in class. Argument II: No, everyone uses mobile phones nowadays.
- Only I is strong
- Only II is strong
- Both are strong
- Neither is strong
Answer: A. Only I is strong
I gives a relevant reason. II is just a popular habit.
96. Statement: Should taxes on cigarettes be increased? Argument I: Yes, it will reduce smoking and improve public health. Argument II: No, smokers will be unhappy.
- Only I is strong
- Only II is strong
- Both are strong
- Neither is strong
Answer: A. Only I is strong
I is strong. Unhappiness of smokers is a weak reason.
97. Statement: Should Nepal invest more in hydropower? Argument I: Yes, it can reduce fuel imports and earn money by exporting electricity. Argument II: No, rivers should be used only for drinking water.
- Only I is strong
- Only II is strong
- Both are strong
- Neither is strong
Answer: A. Only I is strong
I is practical and strong. II is extreme.
98. Statement: Should public transport be made free? Argument I: Yes, it will reduce traffic and pollution. Argument II: No, it will put a huge burden on the government budget.
- Only I is strong
- Only II is strong
- Both are strong
- Neither is strong
Answer: C. Both are strong
Both raise important, relevant points.
99. Statement: Should all examinations be abolished? Argument I: Yes, students will be free from stress. Argument II: No, examinations are needed to assess learning.
- Only I is strong
- Only II is strong
- Both are strong
- Neither is strong
Answer: B. Only II is strong
II is strong. I ignores the purpose of evaluation.
100. Statement: Should computer education be compulsory in schools? Argument I: Yes, computer skills are needed in almost every job today. Argument II: No, some students do not like computers.
- Only I is strong
- Only II is strong
- Both are strong
- Neither is strong
Answer: A. Only I is strong
I is strong. Personal dislike is a weak argument.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How many logical reasoning questions are asked in CMAT?
The bachelor-level TU CMAT has 25 Logical Reasoning questions out of 100.
Which logical reasoning topics are most important for CMAT?
Number and letter series, coding–decoding, blood relations, direction sense, analogies, odd one out and syllogisms appear almost every year.
How can I improve my logical reasoning quickly?
Learn one shortcut per topic (for example, the clock formula |30H − 5.5M| or alphabet positions for coding), then practise 20 questions a day under time pressure.
Is there negative marking in CMAT?
No. TU CMAT has no negative marking, so attempt every question.